Orignial Reports, Reviews and Essays:

Neta, M. & Whalen, P.J. (In press). Individual differences in neural activity during a facial expression vs. identity working memory task. Neuroimage. Download PDF (659 KB)

Neta, M., Davis, F.C., & Whalen, P.J. (In press). Valence resolution of ambiguous facial expressions using an emotional oddball task. Emotion. Download PDF (422 KB)

Kim, M.J., Loucks, R.A., Palmer, A.L., Brown, A.C., Solomon, K.M., Marchante, A.N., & Whalen, P.J. (2011). The structural and functional connectivity of the amygdala: from normal emotion to pathological anxiety. Behavioral Brain Research, 223, 403-410. Download PDF (418 KB)

Kim, M.J., Gee, D.G., Davis, F.C. Loucks, R.A., & Whalen, P.J. (2011). Anxiety dissociates dorsal and ventral medial prefrontal cortex functional connectivity with the amygdala at rest. Cerebral Cortex, 7, 1667-1673. Download PDF (492 KB) Download Supplemental PDF (160 KB)

Davis, F.C., Somerville, L.H., Ruberry, E.J., Berry, A., Shin, L.M., & Whalen, P.J. (2011). A tale of two negatives: Differential memory effects associated with fearful and angry facial expressions. Emotion, 11, 647-655. Download PDF (418 KB)

Hariri, A.R. & Whalen, P.J. (2011). The amygdala: Inside and out. F1000 Biology Reports, 3, 2 (doi: 10.3410/B3-2; http://f1000.com/reports/b/3/2)

Wu, Y-C., Field, A.S., Whalen, P.J., & Alexander, A.L. (2011). Age- and gender-related changes in the normal human brain using hybrid diffusion imaging (HYDI). Neuroimage, 54, 1840-1853. Download PDF (1.7 MB)

Somerville, L.H., Whalen, P.J. & Kelley, W.M. (2010). The human bed nucleus of the stria terminalis indexes hypervigilant threat monitoring. Biological Psychiatry, 68, 416-424. Download PDF (907 KB)

Kim, M.J., Loucks, R.A., Neta, M., Davis, F.C., Oler, J.A., Mazzulla, E.C, & Whalen, P.J. (2010). Behind the mask: the influence of mask-type on amygdala responses to fearful faces. Social, Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 5, 363-368. Download PDF (217 KB) Download Supplemental PDF (119 KB)

Neta, M. & Whalen, P.J. (2010). The primacy of negative interpretations when resolving the valence of ambiguous facial expressions. Psychological Science, 21, 901-907. Download PDF (332 KB)

Davis, F.C., Johnstone, T., Mazzulla, E.C., Oler, J.A., & Whalen, P.J. (2010). Regional response differences across the human amygdaloid complex during social conditioning. Cerebral Cortex, 20, 612-621. Download PDF (456 KB)

Kim, M.J. & Whalen, P.J. (2009). The structural integrity of an amygdala-prefrontal pathway predicts trait anxiety. Journal of Neuroscience, 29, 11614-11618. Download PDF 1 (432 KB) Download PDF 2 (412 KB)

Neta, M., Norris, C.J., & Whalen, P.J. (2009). Corrugator muscle responses to surprised facial expressions are associated with individual differences in positivity-negativity bias.  Emotion, 9(5), 640-648. Download PDF (484 KB)

Whalen, P.J. & Davis, F.C. (2009).  Context effects and the amygdala.  In Gazzaniga, M. (Ed.). The New Cognitive Neurosciences, Fourth Edition (pp. 935-944). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

Johnstone, T., Kim, M.J., & Whalen, P.J. (2009). Functional magnetic resonance imaging in the affective and social neurosciences. In: Harmon-Jones E & Beer JS (Eds.). Methods in Social Neuroscience (pp. 313-336). New York: Guilford Press.

Whalen, P.J., Davis, F.C., Oler, J.A., Kim, H., Kim, M.J., & Neta, M. (2009). Human amygdala responses to facial expressions of emotion.  In P.J. Whalen & E.A. Phelps (Eds).  The Human Amygdala (pp. 265-288).  New York: Guilford Press.

Shin, L.M., Pitman, R.K., Rauch, S.L., & Whalen, P.J. (2009). The human amygdala in anxiety disorders.  In P.J. Whalen & E.A. Phelps (Eds).  The Human Amygdala (pp. 321-343).  New York: Guilford Press.

Whalen, P.J. (2009). Vigilance.  In: Sander, D. & Scherer, K. (Eds.).  Oxford Companion to the Affective Sciences (pp. 402-403). Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Demos, K.E., Kelley, W.M., Ryan, S.L., Davis, F.C., & Whalen, P.J.  (2008).  Human amygdala sensitivity to the pupil size of others. Cerebral Cortex, 18, 2729-2734. Download PDF (376 KB)

Whalen, P.J. & Kleck, R.E. (2008). The shape of faces (to come). Nature Neuroscience, 11, 739-740. Download PDF (308 KB)

Cloutier, J., Heatherton, T.F., Whalen, P.J., & Kelley, W.M. (2008).  Are attractive people rewarding? Sex differences in the neural substrates of facial attractiveness. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 20, 941-951.

Whalen, P. J., Johnstone, T., Somerville, L. H., Nitschke, J. B., Polis, S., Alexander, A., Davidson, R.J., & Kalin, N.H. (2008).  A functional MRI predictor of treatment response to venlafaxine in generalized anxiety disorder. Biological Psychiatry, 63, 858-863. Download PDF (624 KB).

Whalen PJ. The uncertainty of it all. Trends Cogn Sci. 2007 Dec;11(12):499-500. Download PDF (80 KB)

Shin LM, Bush G, Whalen PJ, Handwerger K, Cannistraro PA, Wright CI, Martis B, Macklin ML, Lasko NB, Orr SP, Pitman RK, Rauch SL. Dorsal anterior cingulate function in posttraumatic stress disorder. J Trauma Stress. 2007; 20(5):701-12.

Somerville LH, Wig GS, Whalen PJ, Kelley WM. Dissociable medial temporal lobe contributions to social memory. J Cog Neurosci, 2006; 18:1253-1265.

Somerville LH, Whalen PJ.  Prior experience as a stimulus category confound: An example using facial expressions of emotion. Social, Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 2006; 1:271-274 Download PDF of paper (128 KB)

Bush G, Whalen PJ, Shin LM, Rauch SL. The counting Stroop: a cognitive interference task. Nature Protocols. 2006; 1(1):230-3.

Whalen PJ, Bush G, Shin LM, Rauch SL. The Emotional Counting Stroop: A task for assessing emotional interference during brain imaging. Nature Protocols, 2006; 1:293-296.

Shin LM, Wright CI, Cannistraro PA, Wedig MM, McMullin K, Martis B, Macklin ML, Lasko NB, Cavanagh SR, Krangel TS, Orr SP, Pitman RK, Whalen PJ, Rauch SL. A functional magnetic resonance imaging study of amygdala and medial prefrontal cortex responses to overtly presented fearful faces in posttraumatic stress disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2005; 62(3):273-81.

Johnstone T, Somerville LH, Alexander AL, Oakes TR, Davidson RJ, Kalin NH, Whalen PJ. Stability of amygdala BOLD response to fearful faces over multiple scan sessions. Neuroimage. 2005; 25(4):1112-23. Download PDF (552 KB)

Kim H, Somerville LH, Johnstone T, Polis S, Alexander AL, Shin LM, Whalen PJ. Contextual modulation of amygdala responsivity to surprised faces. J Cog Neurosci, 2004; 16:1730-1745. Download PDF (580 KB)

Somerville LH, Kim H, Johnstone T, Alexander A, Whalen PJ.  Human amygdala response during presentation of happy and neutral faces: Correlations with state anxiety.  Biological Psychiatry, 2004; 55:897-903. Download PDF (272 KB)

Whalen PJ, Kagan J, Cook RG, Davis FC, Kim H, Polis S, McLaren DG, Somerville LH, McLean AA, Maxwell JS, Johnstone T.  Human amygdala responsivity to masked fearful eye whites.  Science, 2004; 306:2061.
Download PDF of paper (53 KB)
Download PDF of supporting information (215 KB)

Rauch SL, Phillips KA, Segal E, Makris N, Shin LM, Whalen PJ, Jenike MA, Caviness VS, Kennedy DN.  A preliminary morphometric magnetic resonance imaging study of regional brain volumes in body dysmorphic disorder.  Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging, 2003; 122:13-19.

Fischer H, Wright CI, Whalen PJ, McInerney SC, Shin LM, Rauch SL. Brain habituation during repeated exposure to fearful and neutral faces: a functional MRI study. Brain Res Bull. 2003; 59(5):387-92.

Schwartz CE, Wright CI, Shin LM, Kagan J, Whalen PJ, McMullin KG, Rauch SL. Differential amygdalar response to novel versus newly familiar neutral faces: a functional MRI probe developed for studying inhibited temperament. Biol Psychiatry. 2003; 53(10):854-62.

Kim H, Somerville LH, Johnstone T, Alexander A, Whalen PJ.  Inverse amygdala and medial prefrontal cortex responses to surprised faces.  Neuroreport, 2003; 14:2317-2322. Download PDF (196 KB)

Whalen PJ.  Remembering people: Neuroimaging takes on the real world.  Learning & Memory, 2003; 10(4):240-241. Download PDF (1.3 MB)

Rauch SL, Shin LM, Segal E, Pitman RK, Carson MA, McMullin K, Whalen PJ, Makris N. Selectively reduced regional cortical volumes in post-traumatic stress disorder. Neuroreport. 2003; 14(7):913-6.

Whalen PJ, Shin LM, Somerville LH, McLean AA, Kim H.  Functional neuroimaging studies of the amygdala in depression.  Seminars in Clinical Neuropsychiatry, 2002; 7(4):234-242. Download PDF (2.1 MB)

Whalen PJ, Shin LM, McInerney SC, Fischer H, Wright CI, Rauch SL.  A functional MRI study of human amygdala responses to facial expressions of fear vs. anger.  Emotion, 2001; 1:70-83. Download PDF (4 MB)

Thomas KM, Drevets WC, Dahl RE, Ryan ND, Birmaher B, Eccard CH, Axelson D, Whalen PJ, Casey BJ.  Amygdala response to fearful faces in anxious and depressed children.  Archives of General Psychiatry, 2001; 58:1057-1063.

Shin LM, Whalen PJ, Pitman RK, Bush G, Macklin ML, Lasko NB, Orr SP, McInerney SC, Rauch SL.  An fMRI study of anterior cingulate function in posttraumatic stress disorder.  Biological Psychiatry, 2001; 50:932-942. Download PDF (108 KB)

Wright CI, Fischer H, Whalen PJ, McInerney SC, Shin LM, Rauch SL.  Differential prefrontal cortex and amygdala habituation to repeatedly presented emotional stimuli.  Neuroreport, 2001; 12(2):379-383. Download PDF (422 KB)

Rauch SL, Whalen PJ, Curran T, Shin LM, Coffey BJ, Savage CR, McInerney SC, Baer L, Jenike MA.  Probing striato-thalamic function in obsessive-compulsive disorder and Tourette syndrome using neuroimaging methods.  Advances in Neurology, 2001; 85:207-224.

Davis M, Whalen PJ.  The amygdala: Vigilance and emotion.  Molecular Psychiatry, 2001; 6(1):13-34. Download PDF (392 KB)

Bush G, Whalen PJ, Shin LM, Rauch SL. The Counting Stroop: A cognitive interference task. Nature Protocols, 2006; 1:230-233.Thomas KM, Drevets WC, Whalen PJ, Eccard CH, Dahl RE, Ryan ND, Casey BJ.  Amygdala response to facial expressions in children and adults.  Biological Psychiatry, 2001; 49:309-317. Download PDF (368 KB)

Whalen PJ, Curran T, Rauch SL.  Using neuroimaging to study implicit information processing.  In: Psychiatric neuroimaging research: Contemporary strategies (Dougherty DD, Rauch SL, eds).  Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing Inc, 2001; 73-100.

Rauch SL, Whalen PJ, Shin LM, McInerney SC, Orr S, Lasklo N, Pitman R. Exaggerated amygdala response to masked facial expressions in posttraumatic stress disorder.  Biological Psychiatry, 2000; 47:769-776. Download PDF (154 KB)

Hart AJ, Whalen PJ, Shin LM, McInerney SC, Fischer H, Rauch SL.  Differential response in the human amygdala to racial outgroup versus ingroup face stimuli.  Neuroreport, 2000; 11:2351-2355. Download PDF (372 KB)

Bush G, Frazier JA, Rauch SL, Seidman LJ, Whalen PJ, Jenike MA, Rosen BR Biederman J.  Anterior cingulate cortex dysfunction in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder revealed by fMRI and the Counting Stroop.  Biological Psychiatry, 1999; 45:1542-1552. Download PDF (350 KB)

Whalen, PJ.  Fear, vigilance, and ambiguity: Initial neuroimaging studies of the human amygdala.  Current Directions in Psychological Science, 1998; 7(6):177-188. Download PDF (3.6 MB)

Whalen PJ, Rauch SL, Etcoff NL, McInerney SC, Lee M, Jenike MA.  Masked presentations of emotional facial expressions modulate amygdala activity without explicit knowledge.  Journal of Neuroscience, 1998; 18:411-418. Download PDF (272 KB)

Rauch SL, Whalen PJ, Curran T, McInerney SC, Savage CR.  Thalamic deactivation during early implicit sequence learning: A functional MRI study.  Neuroreport, 1998; 9:865-870. Download PDF (540 KB)

Bush G, Whalen PJ, Rosen BR, Jenike MA, McInerney SC, Rauch SL.  The Counting Stroop: An interference task specialized for functional neuroimaging - Validation study with functional MRI.  Human Brain Mapping, 1998; 6:270-282. Download PDF (372 KB)

Whalen PJ, Bush G, McNally RJ, Wilhelm S, McInerney S, Rauch SL.  The emotional counting Stroop paradigm: An fMRI probe of the anterior cingulate affective division.  Biological Psychiatry, 1998; 44:1219-1228. Download PDF (252 KB)

Rauch SL, Whalen PJ, Savage CR, Curran T, Kendrick A, Brown HD, Bush G, Breiter HC, Rosen BR.  Striatal recruitment during an implicit sequence learning task as measured by functional magnetic resonance imaging. Human Brain Mapping, 1997; 5:124-132. Download PDF (120 KB)

Breiter HC, Etcoff NL, Whalen PJ,  Kennedy WA, Rauch SL, Buckner RL, Strauss MM, Hyman SE, Rosen BR.  Response and habituation of the human amygdala during visual processing of facial expression.  Neuron, 1996; 17:875-887.

Kapp BS, Supple WF, Whalen PJ.  Effects of electrical stimulation of the amygdaloid central nucleus on neocortical arousal in the rabbit.  Behavioral Neuroscience, 1994; 108:81-93.

Whalen PJ, Kapp BS, Pascoe JP.  Neuronal activity within the nucleus basalis and conditioned neocortical electroencephalographic activation.  Journal of Neuroscience, 1994; 14:1623-1633. Download PDF (1.6 MB)

Kapp BS, Whalen PJ, Supple WF, Pascoe, JP.  Amygdaloid contributions to conditioned arousal and sensory information processing.  In: The amygdala: Neurobiological aspects of emotion, memory, and mental dysfunction (Aggleton JP, ed).  New York: Wiley-Liss, 1992; 229-254.

Whalen PJ, Kapp BS.  Contributions of the amygdaloid central nucleus to the modulation of the nictitating membrane reflex in the rabbit.  Behavioral Neuroscience, 1991; 105:141-153.

Kapp BS, Wilson A, Pascoe JP, Supple WF, Whalen PJ.  A neuroanatomical systems analysis of conditioned bradycardia in the rabbit.  In: Learning and computational neuroscience: Foundations of adaptive networks (Gabriel M, Moore J, eds).  Cambridge: MIT Press, 1990; 53-90.

Langlais PJ, Mair RG, Whalen PJ, McCourt W, McEntee WJ.  Memory effect of DL-threo-3,4- dihydroxyphenylserine (DOPS) in human Korsakoff's disease.  Psychopharmacology, 1988; 95:250-254.

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